关键词: 水路运输, 空箱调运, 分解, 蒙特卡洛法

Abstract: Considering the pair wise decomposition，the empty container reposition among multiple ports means that the whole port system including many ports is decomposed into a group of subsystems and each subsystem contains two ports． The empty container reposition only exists in the ports in the same subsystem． The optimal empty container reposition strategy is determined，in the case that the expected totals costs at multiple stages are optimal． Firstly，the optimal empty container reposition models among multiple ports were respectively developed when all ports faceed the empty container demand at each stage，or when at most one port faces the empty container demand in different port systems． Secondly，the correspondingly pairwise decomposition reposition models were derived． Finally，a case study was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model，and with the help of Monte Carlo method，the pairwise decomposition reposition model and other reposition models were compared under different rent costs，reposition costs，storage costs and demand fluctuation． It is indicated that the pairwise decomposition reposition model is superior to other reposition models when the parameters are changed within a certain range．

Key words: waterway transportation, empty container reposition, decomposition, Monte Carlo method